![]() ![]() It provides a specific measure of the number of atoms or molecules in a bulk sample of matter. The mole is an amount unit similar to familiar units like pair, dozen, gross, etc. This experimental approach required the introduction of a new unit for amount of substances, the mole, which remains indispensable in modern chemical science. ![]() Today, we possess sophisticated instruments that allow the direct measurement of these defining microscopic traits however, the same traits were originally derived from the measurement of macroscopic properties (the masses and volumes of bulk quantities of matter) using relatively simple tools (balances and volumetric glassware). However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties. ![]() For example, water, H 2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H 2O 2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains, but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. Explain the relation between mass, moles, and numbers of atoms or molecules, and perform calculations deriving these quantities from one another.Define the amount unit mole and the related quantity Avogadro’s number.By the end of this section, you will be able to: ![]()
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